20/04/2026
10 Important Endocrine & Metabolic Signs
(Clinical & Exam High-Yield)
1️⃣ Exophthalmos 👀
Bulging eyes commonly seen in Graves' disease.
2️⃣ Moon Face 🌕
Rounded puffy face seen in Cushing syndrome or long-term steroid use.
3️⃣ Buffalo Hump 🐃
Fat pad on upper back/neck seen in Cushing syndrome.
4️⃣ Myxedema 🧊
Puffy face, dry skin, non-pitting edema in severe Hypothyroidism.
5️⃣ Acanthosis Nigricans 🟤
Dark velvety skin folds linked with insulin resistance / Type 2 Diabetes.
6️⃣ Tetany / Chvostek Sign ⚡
Muscle twitching/spasm due to low calcium (Hypocalcemia).
7️⃣ Tremor + Sweating 💦
Common in Hyperthyroidism.
8️⃣ Polyuria + Polydipsia 🚰
Excess urination + thirst seen in Diabetes Mellitus.
9️⃣ Central Obesity + Striae 📏
Purple stretch marks suggest Cushing syndrome.
🔟 Kussmaul Breathing 🌬️
Deep rapid breathing in Diabetic Ketoacidosis.
Quick Tip 🩺
If endocrine signs appear together (weight change + skin + mood + vitals), suspect hormonal imbalance.
