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http://www.bravo-northamerica.com/

Bravo Microbiome Restoration System, Mendrisio (2026)

01/11/2026

🧠 When the heart shapes perception (and doesn’t just “detect” it)

In a study published a few days ago, researchers reanalyzed data from a previously published experiment (Cobos, Alameda, Guerra & Chica) in which 25 people rapidly viewed strings of colored letters and had to report the color of a target letter while ignoring nearby distractors. Sometimes they integrated shape and color correctly; other times they reported the color of the wrong letter (an illusion). Brain activity (EEG) and heart activity (ECG) were recorded simultaneously.

Key findings:

1. Before the stimulus appeared (the string of colored letters that participants had to look at and for which they had to indicate the color of the target letter), the amplitude of the HEP (heart-evoked potential) differed depending on whether people would later integrate shape and color correctly or experience an illusion. In other words, the brain-heart signal was already different before the stimulus appeared, and this difference was associated with how the subsequent perceptual integration would turn out.

2. Heart-locked oscillations (HEO) in the alpha and low-beta bands increased before correct integration.

These effects disappear when the data are analyzed time-locked to the stimulus instead of to the heartbeat. They also remain significant when compared with “false” analyses in which the heartbeat is randomly shifted: this shows that the effects depend on the precise timing of the heartbeat itself, not merely on spontaneous differences in brain activity.

This result aligns with Park and Tallon-Baudry’s idea of the “neural subjective frame”: the first-person sense of having seen something (“I have seen X”) arises because the brain integrates information coming from the external world with information coming from the body, including the heart.

The results do not demonstrate any form of precognition or advance knowledge of the future. They only show that the brain’s state, already modulated by the heartbeat a few moments before the stimulus, is statistically associated with how that stimulus will later be integrated (correctly or as an illusion). It is an effect of predisposition of the brain state, not a prediction of the perceptual content. In other words, the system does not “already know” whether the integration will be correct or incorrect: it is simply in a more or less favorable condition for correct integration.

These findings fit naturally into the gut-heart-brain axis. It is now well established that metabolites produced by the gut microbiome influence cardiovascular function, autonomic tone, and systemic inflammation from a distance. One of the best-known of these metabolites is TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), a molecule generated by gut bacteria from dietary nutrients such as choline and carnitine, which has been linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk. The heartbeat is therefore not an isolated signal: it also partly reflects the metabolic and autonomic state modulated by the gut. When the heart “talks” to the brain through the HEP and heart-locked oscillations, it is in effect conveying information that may originate further upstream, in the interaction between the gut microbiome and the autonomic nervous system.

From this perspective, the pre-stimulus predisposition observed in the study by Cobos and colleagues could represent a point of integration along a broader continuum: the gut microbiome influences the heart and the autonomic system, the heart in turn modulates cortical state, and this state contributes to determining how visual features are integrated. It is a concrete example of how multiple bodily signals—from the microbiota to cardiac activity—participate together in the construction of first-person perceptual experience.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.05.22.726192v2

This continuum is precisely the territory explored by the Bravo Microbiome Restoration System: by supporting the biodiversity and resilience of the gut ecosystem, Bravo aims to influence the very upstream signals that shape the heart-brain dialogue and, ultimately, embodied perception.

Fulvia Gianetta

26/10/2026

From the Steppes of Kublai Khan to Your Kitchen: How a Tiny Plasmid Conquered the World

Did you know that the greatest empire in history may have been powered by something surprisingly close to Bravo?

When Kublai Khan’s Mongol riders swept across Asia, they didn’t stop for elaborate banquets. Their secret fuel was simple: fermented mare’s milk (koumiss). A single leather skin of this living, probiotic-rich drink kept a warrior in the saddle for days, supplying energy, hydration, and a resilient gut that could endure the harshest conditions. Legend says an empire was built on horseback and fermented milk. Science is now catching up with the legend.

Modern DNA analysis of Bravo has uncovered a remarkable molecular souvenir from those distant steppes. Inside the product lives a natural plasmid—pIca36—originally characterized in Lactobacillus casei Zhang, a strain isolated from traditional Mongolian koumiss. In the Swiss fermented milk and colostrum that becomes Bravo, the chromosomal DNA of that exact Mongolian bacterium is nowhere to be found. Only the plasmid remains. It appears to have hitchhiked across continents, passed from one bacterial host to another through centuries of kefir-grain exchanges, until it quietly settled in a Demeter-certified facility in Switzerland.

The Mongol cavalry never reached the Alps on horseback. Their genetic information did.

That ancient plasmid carries genes that help its microbial hosts survive nutritional stress, acidic environments, and the tough conditions of fermentation—exactly the traits that once sustained riders crossing endless grasslands. Today, the same genetic information travels inside every capsule and pouch of Bravo, contributing to the product’s extraordinary biodiversity and to the resilience it helps support in the human microbiome.

From the koumiss carried in leather skins by a 13th-century warrior to a modern Swiss microbiome restoration system, the thread is unbroken: living microbes, shared genetic tools, and the quiet power of fermentation. What began as fuel for the largest contiguous empire in history has become a peaceful, global invitation—to nourish the ecosystem inside us with the same ancient wisdom that once kept riders strong across continents.

Some conquests are better when they come in a capsule.

Fulvia Gianetta Marco Ruggiero

21/10/2026

THE LIVER, THE GUT AND A MILK BACTERIUM: what a new study teaches us and why it pertains to the Bravo approach

A study published in September 2026 by a team at Emory University (Atlanta) investigated a lactic acid bacterium very common in fermented products, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, abbreviated as LLC.

It is not an exotic bacterium: it is the same type of microorganism used for centuries to make cheese and yogurt. The authors wanted to understand how this single strain influences the gut-liver axis, that is, the constant dialogue between what lives in the intestine and the liver, which receives from the portal blood metabolites, bile acids, and substances originating from digestion.

What they found, in simple terms: In mice fed a Western-style diet (rich in fats and sugars), LLC noticeably altered metabolites in the blood and liver. In particular, pathways related to the following improved:

lipid metabolism�transformation of foreign substances (xenobiotics, meaning drugs, toxins, dietary compounds)�redox balance (the ability of cells to manage oxidative stress)��LLC also reduced two different types of experimental liver damage: the accumulation of fat in the liver following an acute alcohol load and liver cell death following an overdose of paracetamol (acetaminophen).

A particularly clear result: LLC, even on its own, was sufficient to reorganize liver metabolism.

How this study connects to Bravo

In 2025 René Badolato and Marco Ruggiero described in the International Journal of Radiology & Radiation Therapy the case of an 83-year-old man with already documented hepatic fibrosis. Liver stiffness measured by FibroScan was 7.6 kPa, an index of moderate fibrosis, stage F2. After about six months of daily intake of Bravo (Freeze Dried Bravo) the value had dropped to 3.6 kPa, compatible with the absence of fibrosis (F0).

During the same period other parameters also improved: blood glucose, creatinine, BUN, red blood cell indices (MCH and MCHC), and a reduction in white blood cells, interpreted as a decrease in a low-grade chronic inflammatory state.

Why the study on LLC helps interpret the results observed with Bravo

The Emory study uses a single strain. Bravo, on the other hand, is not a single strain; it is complete microbiome restoration system with a far higher biodiversity: hundreds of strains, phages, plasmids, in addition to prebiotics and postbiotics produced during fermentation, including naturally derived GcMAF.

The list of microorganisms associated with Bravo includes numerous strains of Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (in addition to L. lactis subsp. lactis), along with many species of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Leuconostoc, and others. Therefore, the bacterium studied at Emory is present within the Bravo ecosystem, but it is not the sole actor.

If a single LLC is already capable of:

remodeling serum and hepatic metabolites��reducing intestinal bile acid conjugation��attenuating damage from alcohol and paracetamol��then a product containing that strain plus dozens of other lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, plus fermentation metabolites, plus colostrum components, can be understood as an amplification of the same principle: acting on the gut-liver axis on multiple levels simultaneously (intestinal barrier, bile acids, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, detoxification).

The message for those who follow Bravo research is clear. We are talking about a bacterium already contained in the product, studied with advanced tools, whose effects point in the same direction as the clinical observations on Bravo, a much richer product.

References:

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.16.752188v1
https://medcraveonline.com/IJRRT/IJRRT-12-00430.pdf

As always: if you have a liver condition, discuss it with your physician. This post is intended to share science and observations, not to replace clinical advice.

11/10/2026

MICROBIOTA and VASCULAR PROTECTION: a RECENT STUDY and the ROLE of BRAVO

A study published in Nature a few days ago (Yin et al., 2026) showed that a gut bacterium produces pentadecanoic acid (C15:0), an odd-chain saturated fatty acid. In an experimental model of mice prone to atherosclerosis, this molecule reduces atherosclerotic plaques by about 50% and improves the lipid profile. The mechanism is direct: pentadecanoic acid inhibits the same enzyme targeted by statins, reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis, and increases the expression of receptors that promote the removal of LDL cholesterol, the “bad” cholesterol.

In Bravo, pentadecanoic acid is present through several mechanisms. On the one hand, it derives from the dairy matrix itself: bovine milk and colostrum naturally contain this fatty acid, originating from the microbial metabolism of the rumen. On the other hand, some lactic acid bacteria typical of the Bravo formula (including strains of Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus paracasei) contain pentadecanoic acid in their membrane lipids.

Furthermore, Bravo exerts favorable effects on lipid metabolism through other well-established mechanisms of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria: it increases the enzymatic activity that deconjugates bile acids and promotes their excretion; it reduces cholesterol assimilation; and it promotes the production of short-chain fatty acids (in particular butyrate), which modulate the activity of the enzyme targeted by statins and support a more balanced lipid profile.

Overall, these converging effects contribute to a protective action against the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques, a protective action consistent with the role of the microbiota in regulating the gut-liver axis.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/42844473/

01/10/2026

NANOPLASTICS and DNA MUTATIONS

We knew that nanoplastics were harmful. An article published a few days ago suggests that they are much more so than we imagined.

In an article published by researchers from Sweden, Austria, and the Czech Republic, it is demonstrated that nanoplastics (25 nm nanoplastic polystyrene) do not act only through oxidative stress, but cause potentially carcinogenic DNA mutations.

The researchers demonstrated that, after entering the cells, the nanoplastics physically associate with the DNA and transform the DNA helix from the B form (the standard one, the one in which it is usually represented) into less frequent and more contorted forms (Z-like, A/B hybrids, H-DNA).

The disturbing detail is that the mutations are not scattered at random: they concentrate near those structures that in human DNA are rich in elements controlling cell growth such as promoters, origins of replication, and oncogenic hotspots. It is as if the nanoplastics went to seek out precisely the regions that matter for gene regulation and for chromosomal instability, that is, the regions responsible for the onset of cancer.

The size of the nanoplastics constitutes the critical point: 25 nm (25 millionths of a millimeter). Our cells have no defenses against such small particles, the immune system does not recognize them, and the DNA suffers the damage without being able to defend itself. In fact, DNA repair systems do not erase the risk: they shift it from "point mutation" to "instability at already fragile sites," which for carcinogenesis is worse.

Conclusions: chronic exposure to nanoplastics does not only cause inflammation or oxidative stress, as was already known. It causes DNA mutations right where the genome is already unstable and where the risk of cancer is highest.

For those who do not yet know, a liter of bottled mineral water contains about 270,000 pieces of nanoplastic, although the figure is thought to be an underestimate and the real number is probably closer to a million. Skipping water does not help: w**e, b**r and tea also contain micro and nanoplastics in significant amounts.

If you want to know how the microbiome can help minimizing the risk associated with micro and nanoplastics, please take a look at this video:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ukQ_wmPrkk

Scientific references quoted in this post:
https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.09.08.750059
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2300582121

Fulvia Gianetta

30/09/2026

We are pleased to announce that a paper of Dr. Ruggiero and a patent of his have been published on the website of the Department of Health and Human Services of the United States Government in the section related to:

Request for Information on Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs), Radiofrequency (RF) Radiation, and Wireless Radiation Exposure.

The documents and the comment can be found at

https://www.regulations.gov/comment/HHS-OASH-2026-0397-0668

where it is possible to download both the paper and the patent.

28/09/2026

Hello everyone,

I am Marco Ruggiero and today I would like to illustrate, in summary, the results of a paper published in the repository of the European Organization for Nuclear Research: a case report authored by Renee Badolato and myself.

The title is: Absence of recurrent colore**al adenomas at 41-month surveillance after eight months consumption of a high-biodiversity fermented colostrum symbiotic, in a patient with contemporaneous regression of liver stiffness.

This is an observation on a single patient. It is not a randomized study. It is, however, documented, independently verified data, and it generates a precise and testable hypothesis.

The patient is an eighty-year-old man, already under high-risk colonoscopic surveillance. In March 2022, at Ascension Hospital in Michigan, he underwent a polypectomy due to the presence of polyps measuring from four to eight millimeters, located across three distinct sites.

Starting in January 2025, the patient has been taking one capsule daily of freeze-dried Bravo: as you know, Bravo is much more than a simple probiotic; it is a high-biodiversity microbiome reconstitution system obtained through the fermentation of milk and colostrum, characterized by a complex microbial ecosystem, phages, and plasmids, and by endogenous immunomodulating activity already described in previous papers and in several other posts and videos.

In August 2025, after eight months of continuous intake and forty-one months following the index examination, the surveillance colonoscopy was performed. The finding is highly encouraging: a single two-millimeter re**al hyperplastic polyp, without dysplasia. No adenomatous mucosa, no cancer. Why is this finding encouraging? Because normally polyps recur—they are called metachronous lesions—and they increase the risk of cancer.

Furthermore, in the same patient, a reduction in liver stiffness had already been documented by elastography: from 7.6 kilopascals, corresponding to F2 fibrosis, in May 2024, to 3.6 kilopascals, a normal finding, in May 2025. In parallel, metabolic laboratory markers had improved. The entirety of the picture was consistent with a trend toward the normalization of previously compromised liver function.

That hepatic observation was published separately. The present paper adds the endoscopic and histological pair, independently verified.

Why, then, does the case deserve to be reported? Because it unites, in the same elderly subject already undergoing standard surveillance, two organ-level observations: colon and liver. And because it formulates a single testable hypothesis: a high-biodiversity fermented symbiotic based on colostrum, Bravo, can modulate intestinal and metabolic inflammatory tone.

The pathogenesis of colore**al polyps, which are the primary precursors of colon cancer, involves diet, metabolic syndrome, bile acid signaling, low-grade inflammation, and microbiome balance.

Bravo, a complete ecosystem, a microbiome reconstitution system, works on multiple fronts, including supporting intestinal mucosal integrity and producing short-chain fatty acids—mechanisms all associated with both gut and liver health.

Our published paper does not replace post-polypectomy guidelines. It does not invite the discontinuation of surveillance. It merely states this: in an eighty-year-old adult, after eight months of Bravo, forty-one months after the index examination, no adenomatous mucosa was found; and during the same period, parameters relating to the liver returned to normal.

I take this opportunity to publicly thank Dr. Badolato, who is sharing numerous cases where the intake of Bravo is accompanied by the resolution of chronic conditions, highlighting that multiplicity of effects we have come to recognize over the years.

As always, I remain at your disposal for any further information; send me an email, and I will be sure to reply.

Thank you.

https://zenodo.org/records/22884488

21/09/2026

Bravo’s phages: “friendly” viruses that help the gut, immunity, and the brain

One of Bravo’s strengths, a feature unique among probiotics, is the natural presence of phages: viruses that infect bacteria, not humans. They are not “bad viruses”; on the contrary, they are the most numerous living entities on the planet and have always lived with us in fermented food, in milk, in colostrum, and in the intestine. Their job is to keep excess bacteria under control, including those that, with age or imbalance, can cause problems.

A recent post by Sterling Cooley an expert in medical communication, clearly summarizes research published in the prestigious journal Nature: memory decline in aging is not only a “brain that wears out.” It is often a failure of the gut–brain axis. With the years, an intestinal bacterium, Parabacteroides goldsteinii, may increase. This bacterium produces medium-chain fatty acids that, through a receptor (GPR84), cause chronic local inflammation. That inflammation shuts down the signals of the vagus nerve, the nerve that carries information from the intestine to the hippocampus, the area of the brain where memories are “written.” Result: less activation of the hippocampus and memory and learning drastically reduced.

The same line of research points to concrete avenues: inhibit that receptor, stimulate the vagus … and use phages to selectively reduce the bacteria that disturb communication. Not an antibiotic that destroys everything, but a more precise intervention. It is the same principle that Cooley also links to neuromodulation: if the microbe shuts down the vagus, one can try to turn the signal back on by eliminating that microbe.

This reinforces what we have been observing for years with Bravo and what we described in 2020 in an article in the Journal of Neurology and Stroke. We analyzed Freeze-Dried Bravo with a DNA assay that identifies thousands of species. No pathogens emerged. What did emerge, instead, were dozens of phages of the Siphoviridae family — the typical phages of the lactic acid bacteria that ferment Bravo. Twenty-seven distinct “signatures,” with different abundances. This is no surprise: phages are everywhere in fermented foods. The difference is that in Bravo they remain in their natural environment: together with the host bacteria, the peptides of fermentation, and the molecules of milk and colostrum.

Why does it matter? Because an ordinary probiotic in a capsule is often only a few bacterial strains, perhaps in billions of copies, but without biodiversity and, above all, without phages. Bravo, instead, is an ecosystem: bacteria, hundreds of different strains + products of fermentation + phages. Previous studies had already shown that fermented yogurt worked better than the same strains taken individually, without their ecosystem. Phages are part of that “difference.”

In our work we also observed what some genes of these phages do, beyond eliminating the “wrong” bacteria, and we found several things that are interesting and potentially very useful for our health:

- a protein (Sak) similar to a human protein, involved in DNA repair and in genome stability;

- “holin”-type proteins, which in bacteria open holes in the membrane and, by analogy, recall mechanisms used by our cells to regulate their own survival;

- superinfection exclusion systems, that is, “blocks” to the entry of other viruses;

- possible interactions with macrophage activation and stimulation of the immune system.

These are rigorous laboratory observations consistent with another finding from the same study: Bravo, in vitro, binds human nagalase with activity that is much more persistent and more intense than that of purified GcMAF alone. Elevated nagalase has been associated, in the literature, with neurodevelopmental contexts; binding or modulating it is one of the threads that connect fermentation, immunity, and the brain.

Putting Cooley’s post and our work together, it becomes clearer why so many people who take Bravo regularly report “multifaceted” effects: greater mental clarity, more stable sleep and mood, more orderly digestion, a feeling that the “immune system is working better.” This is because a fermented food rich in phages, in hundreds of different strains, and in molecules with anti-inflammatory and immunostimulating properties acts on several levels of the same axis: microbial balance, chronic inflammation, the immune system, signals that rise from the digestive tract toward the brain.

Phages, used in therapy for more than a century in some countries and also evaluated in Western safety studies on Siphoviridae mixtures, do not replace the physician. Bravo is not a drug. It is a complex fermented food. Recent science on the vagus, on bacterial metabolites, and on phages as “precision tools” does, however, help give a more concrete face to what many users have long described: not a single effect, but a network of effects that starts from the intestine.

As always: information, not a substitute for diagnosis or treatment.

Anyone who wants to go deeper can read Cooley’s post and our 2020 article.

https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10245326902807183&set=a.1148468152000

https://x.com/SterlingCooley/status/2101627451822796951

https://medcraveonline.com/JNSK/JNSK-10-00416.pdf

12/09/2026

In a scientific article published a few days ago, Levin and colleagues show that aggregates of bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) are able to recognize whether frog embryos (Xenopus) or a Xenobot have been placed in the well together with them. The Xenobot is a small living construct made with embryonic cells of the same frog, but with a shape and behavior different from those of the natural embryo.

Left alone in the liquid, bacteria capable of moving form a branched network on their own. A frog embryo or a Xenobot (called “targets”) is placed in the well, and some of the bacteria gather around the target and form a bright halo, visible in the photographs. The target is moved: the halo re-forms in the place where the target has been put. It is removed: the accumulation dissolves.

A live embryo makes the halo grow over time, as if more and more bacteria were interested in going around it. One killed by heat gives an initial accumulation that, however, dissolves shortly afterward, as if the bacteria gave it a first look but decided they were not interested because it is not alive. Likewise, minced frog tissue does not evoke a response from the bacteria. The bacteria remain bound to a living, intact object, and to its position.

Embryo and Xenobot both produce this halo. To the eye the two rings look alike. The finer difference, however, lies in how the bacteria occupy the rest of the well — more or less dense, more or less branched — a difference too subtle to be appreciated by the human eye. To measure it the researchers use an artificial-intelligence tool. The comparison is demanding because embryo and Xenobot share a genome and a cellular origin. What changes is their anatomy; the embryo has the normal anatomy of an embryo, the Xenobot is essentially a cluster of cells without anatomical organization.

In other words, the same living material, organized in a different way, is not the same object for the bacteria, which arrange themselves differently depending on whether there is an embryo or a Xenobot in the well. It is as if the spatial arrangement of the bacteria reflected the anatomy of the organism present in the well, embryo or Xenobot.

And what is even more interesting is that this information acts at a distance. “At a distance” means that the bacteria do not have to infiltrate the tissue of the embryo or the Xenobot as in an infection: they reorganize in the liquid around it, through the shared environment, even far from the organism present in the well.

Levin’s group calls this inter-kingdom morphogenesis: a living collective writes part of its own state into the form of another. The bacteria function as living sensors: their collective organization reports the state of another being and distinguishes its nature.

Now consider a fact that makes the result even more instructive. The bacteria in the study were all of the same strain. There was no biodiversity: a single species, a genetically coherent population. And yet that poor collective, in the liquid of a well, distinguished at a distance an embryo from a Xenobot — two bodies made of the same material, but organized in a different way. If already a single strain can register the nature of what is near it, what may happen when the microbial community is not poor, but rich?

That is the question that arises for the Bravo community once it is ingested. There is not a single Bacillus there. There are bacteria, eukaryotes, phages, and plasmids: different kingdoms, different genetic languages, different ways of occupying the same environment. The “host” is not a frog embryo in a well. It is the human body, with its anatomy, its physiology, its variations from person to person, and sometimes its pathologies.

The analogy does not prove that Bravo “recognizes” a disease the way a physician makes a diagnosis. It does say, however, that the channel already exists in its simplest form: a microbial collective can reorganize itself according to the state of another living being through the shared environment. If this happens with a single strain and a tiny target, it is fair to ask how much more articulated the interaction between a multi-kingdom community and a human host may be. Perhaps that community does not respond to everyone in the same way. Perhaps it registers different needs — an inflamed intestine is not a quiet intestine, one metabolism is not another — and it adapts.

The manifold results that are reported every day, different from person to person, do not by themselves prove this reading. They do, however, make it thinkable. Where Levin sees sensor-bacteria around an embryo, one can imagine a sensor-community around a body: not a drug the same for everyone, but a living collective that, once received, enters into dialogue with the host that harbors it.

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.09.02.748853v1

09/09/2026

Zoe, 11 years old and still rocking!

Bravo Microbiome Restoration System

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